Which physiological changes happen to a diver under pressure?

When a diver is exposed to increased pressure underwater, several physiological changes occur to adapt to the new environment. One of the primary adaptations is the increase in pulmonary ventilation, which refers to the amount of air exchanged in the lungs. This increase helps ensure that the diver's body receives adequate oxygen despite the greater density of gases, which can affect how gases are absorbed and utilized by the body.

Alongside the increase in pulmonary ventilation, the diver's heart rate can also be altered. Depending on various factors, such as the depth of the dive and the individual’s physiology, heart rate can increase to help facilitate blood circulation and oxygen transport to tissues. This adjustment is crucial because, as pressure increases underwater, so does the need for efficient gas exchange and oxygen delivery, particularly as divers engage in physical activities at depth.

The physiological responses involving increased ventilation and changes to heart rate are essential for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring survival in the demanding underwater environment. Understanding these changes is vital for divers, as they must manage their physiological state to prevent conditions such as decompression sickness and ensure safe diving practices.